plural of underpinning v support from beneath v support with evidence or authority or make more certain or confirm
underpinned
v. 用砖石结构等从下面支撑（墙等）( underpin的过去式和过去分词 ); 加固（墙等）的基础; 为（论据、主张等）打下基础; 加强
underpinner
n. 支承用的支撑,支柱
underpinning
n. 基础材料, 支承结构
underpinnings
(underpinning 的复数) n. 基础材料, 支承结构
